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Kiwi winter pruning method
Winter pruning of kiwifruit is typically done about 15 days after the leaves have fallen and 15 days before the sap starts flowing in early spring. This timing ensures that the plant is in a dormant state, allowing for effective shaping without causing unnecessary stress.
For young plants grown in the same year, three short shoots are left at the base to encourage strong growth. From these, the most vigorous branch is selected as the main trunk, and a light pruning technique is applied to help expand the canopy quickly in the following season.
After one year of growth, when the tree enters its juvenile stage, it's important to prune aggressively. The goal is to evenly distribute the main vines across the trellis system. While promoting the growth of the main vine, side branches, and the resulting mother vines, the focus is on increasing fruit production. This involves careful selection and balancing of the vine structure.
Pruning adult kiwifruit trees should be done lightly, with a focus on shortening the fruiting wood. Usually, each cut should leave 4–5 buds, which will develop into 2–4 new shoots. These shoots are generally used for vegetative growth. For the main vines, cutting back 1/3 or 1/2 of their length helps convert them into fruit-bearing structures. For longer or medium-length shoots that overlap, they should be pruned to 8–10 buds, aiming for 5–6 fruiting buds. Weaker shoots may only need 3–4 buds to maintain balance.
Older or declining trees require a process called dendritic renewal. The specific approach depends on the condition of the branches. It’s essential to preserve the healthy, vigorously growing vines near the base. If the main vines become weak, it's important to cut back to areas with latent buds at the base, encouraging the growth of a strong new shoot. This helps rejuvenate the tree and restore its productivity.